Bar Exam Questions - Atty. Bryan Villarosa

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Questions are free to read. The first five suggested answers in each subject are free. Full access to a subject is ₱299 for 365 days, or ₱1,299 for all subjects.

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240-Day Rule1 question A.M. No. 20-06-14-SC1 question Absolute Community Property1 question Absolutory Causes1 question Absorption of Employees1 question Acceptance of Gifts1 question Accrued Reinstatement Wages1 question Acquisitive Prescription1 question Act No. 41031 question Actionable Documents1 question Actual Case or Controversy1 question Admissibility of Evidence2 questions Alternative Remedies1 question Ancestral domain1 question Animus Lucrandi1 question Anti-Graft Law1 question Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act2 questions Anti-Money Laundering Act2 questions Anti-Plunder Act1 question Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (R.A. 7877)1 question Appeal in Civil Cases1 question Application for Bail1 question Arbitrary Detention1 question Article 100 of the Labor Code1 question Article 11 RPC1 question Article 114 RPC1 question Article 1216 Civil Code1 question Article 1229 Civil Code1 question Article 124 Family Code1 question Article 124 of the Labor Code2 questions Article 1292 Civil Code1 question Article 13 RPC1 question Article 1311 Civil Code2 questions Article 1356 Civil Code1 question Article 1484 Civil Code1 question Article 15 Civil Code1 question Article 16 Civil Code1 question Article 1620 Civil Code1 question Article 164 Family Code1 question Article 1678 Civil Code1 question Article 1874 Civil Code1 question Article 1942 Civil Code1 question Article 20 RPC1 question Article 21 Civil Code1 question Article 2184 Civil Code1 question Article 2187 Civil Code1 question Article 2193 Civil Code1 question Article 248 RPC1 question Article 26 Family Code1 question Article 266-A RPC1 question Article 286 RPC1 question Article 29 RPC1 question Article 292(c) of the Labor Code1 question Article 294 RPC1 question Article 297 of the Labor Code1 question Article 300 of the Labor Code1 question Article 308 RPC1 question Article 310 RPC1 question Article 332 RPC1 question Article 349 RPC1 question Article 35 Family Code1 question Article 35(1) Family Code1 question Article 36 Family Code1 question Article 4 RPC1 question Article 420 Civil Code1 question Article 463 Civil Code1 question Article 54 Family Code1 question Article 70 RPC1 question Article 739 Civil Code1 question Article 8 RPC1 question Article 87 RPC1 question Article 89 of the Labor Code1 question Article 91 RPC1 question Article 916 Civil Code1 question Article 96 Family Code1 question Article 962 Civil Code1 question Asset Sale1 question Assignment of Rights1 question Assurance Fund1 question Aut Dedere Aut Judicare1 question Authorized Causes for Termination1 question Banishment1 question Bareboat Charter1 question Batas Kasambahay1 question Batas Pambansa Blg. 221 question Bench Book Commercial Courts1 question Beneficiaries of Family Home1 question Bigamous Marriage1 question Bigamy1 question Body-Worn Cameras1 question Breach of Contract1 question Buyer in Good Faith1 question Calling-Out Power1 question Campaign expenditure limits1 question Candidate Substitution1 question Capital Gains Tax1 question Car Plan Benefit1 question Certification Election2 questions Certiorari1 question Chain of Custody1 question Check-off of Union Dues1 question Child Abuse Law1 question Child Custody1 question Child in Conflict with the Law1 question Civil Liability Ex Delicto1 question Civil Procedure4 questions Civil Service Commission1 question Civil Service Mass Actions1 question Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability3 questions Commander-in-Chief1 question Commission on Appointments1 question Commission on Human Rights1 question Common Carriers3 questions Community Service Act1 question Company Union1 question Complex Crimes1 question Compliance Sworn Statement1 question Compulsory Heirs Legitime1 question Compulsory Notification1 question Compulsory Overtime1 question Compulsory Retirement Age1 question Computation of Backwages2 questions Computer-Related Fraud1 question Concubinage Civil Action1 question Concurrent Jurisdiction1 question Condominium Association Dues1 question Confidential Employee Rule1 question Confidentiality Clause1 question Conflict of Interest1 question Confusing Similarity1 question Conjugal Partnership of Gains1 question Conspiracy in Plunder1 question Conspiracy to Commit Felony1 question Constructive Dismissal1 question Contract Bar Rule1 question Contract of Carriage1 question Contract of Commodatum1 question Contract of Sale2 questions Contract of Sale Validity1 question Contract to Sell1 question Contracts by Minors1 question Copyright Infringement1 question Copyright Law1 question Corporal Punishment1 question Corporate Dissolution And Liquidation1 question Corporate Officer Liability1 question Corporate Powers1 question Corporate Rehabilitation2 questions Corporation Sole1 question Corpus Delicti2 questions Court Jurisdiction2 questions Court of Appeals2 questions Court of Tax Appeals2 questions Covered Transactions1 question Cram-Down Effect1 question Criminal Procedure4 questions Custody of Illegitimate Children1 question Custody of Minors1 question Cybercrime Prevention Act1 question Damages under Civil Code1 question Decrease of Capital Stock1 question Defective Notarization1 question Delay in Deciding Cases1 question Delinquent Stock1 question Demand Letter1 question Denial of Support1 question Deprived of Reason1 question Derivative Suits1 question Destierro1 question Destination Principle1 question Discharge of Accused1 question Discrimination in Employment1 question Disinheritance of Children1 question Dismissal of Actions1 question Disqualification of Beneficiaries1 question Disqualification of Notary1 question Divorce by Mutual Agreement1 question Doctrine of Equivalents1 question Dominancy Test1 question Double Insurance1 question Double Taxation1 question Duplicity of Offenses1 question Economic Abuse1 question Efficiency and Access1 question Ejectment2 questions Election Law1 question Election of Remedies1 question Electronic Commerce Act2 questions Electronic Evidence1 question Electronic Filing1 question Electronic Signatures1 question Eminent Domain1 question Employer-Employee Relationship1 question Ephemeral Electronic Communication1 question Equal Pay for Equal Work1 question Equal Protection1 question Equal Protection Clause1 question Equality in Equity1 question Equitable Reduction of Penalties1 question Estafa1 question Estafa by Deceit1 question Estate Debts1 question Exceptions to Bank Secrecy1 question Exclusionary Rule1 question Execution of Judgment3 questions Execution of Sentence1 question Executive Order No. 1801 question Executive Prerogative1 question Expanded Maternity Leave Law1 question Expedited Procedure1 question Export Sales1 question Extension of Probation1 question Extension of Probationary Period1 question Extinguishment of Usufruct1 question Extrajudicial Confession1 question Extrajudicial Foreclosure1 question Factum Probandum1 question Factum Probans1 question Failure to State a Cause of Action1 question Family Home1 question Finality of Judgment1 question Financial Interest of Public Officers1 question Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act1 question First Sale Doctrine1 question Fixed Penalties1 question Foreign Equity Restrictions1 question Foreign Land Ownership1 question Foreign Marriages1 question Foreign Ownership of Land1 question Forest Lands1 question Form of Contracts1 question Formal Defects1 question Formation of Islands1 question Fortuitous Event1 question Fortuitous Event Exception1 question Four-Fold Test1 question Fraudulent Intent1 question Freedom Period1 question Freedom of Religion1 question Freedom of speech and expression1 question Freedom of the Press1 question Freeze Order1 question Frustrated Theft1 question Gender-Based Sexual Harassment in the Workplace1 question Genuineness and Due Execution1 question Genus Nunquam Perit1 question Good Faith Defense1 question Good Faith Marriage Exception1 question Governmental Acts1 question Grave Abuse of Confidence1 question Grave Coercion1 question Gross Inefficiency1 question Gross and Habitual Neglect1 question Grossly Excessive Price1 question Habeas Corpus1 question Heckler's Veto1 question Heir's Debt Liability1 question Holiday Pay1 question Homicide1 question IPRA1 question Ill-Gotten Wealth1 question Illegal Dismissal6 questions Illegal Possession of Firearms1 question Illegitimate Children1 question Immediate scrutiny test1 question Immutability of Judgments1 question Imprescriptibility of Registered Land1 question Impugning Legitimacy1 question Income Tax Exemption1 question Incontestability Clause1 question Independent Candidates1 question Independent Contractor1 question Indeterminate Sentence Law3 questions Indirect Contempt1 question Indirect Employer Liability1 question Indivisibility of Subscription1 question Industrial Partner Exemption1 question Industrial Partners1 question Information1 question Innocent Purchaser for Value1 question Installation of Labor-Saving Devices1 question Insurable Interest3 questions Insurance Beneficiaries1 question Insurance Code1 question Intellectual Property Code3 questions Interlocutory Order1 question International Child Abduction1 question Intestate Succession1 question Intestate Succession Collaterals1 question Intra-Union Disputes1 question JSCC1 question Joint Obligations1 question Jointly and Severally1 question Judicial Ethics2 questions Judicial Innovations2 questions Judicial Power1 question Judicial Recognition of Foreign Divorce1 question Judicial Review1 question Judicial Well-Being1 question Jurisdiction Over Subject Matter1 question Jurisdiction of Labor Arbiter1 question Jurisdiction of the Labor Arbiter2 questions Jurisdiction over the Person1 question Jus Sanguinis1 question Just Causes for Termination1 question Just Compensation1 question Justice Zones1 question Killing of Minor1 question Labor Relations1 question Lack of Jurisdiction1 question Land Ownership1 question Lease of Real Property1 question Lease of Residential Units1 question Legal Capacity to Contract1 question Legal Delay1 question Legal Ethics3 questions Legal Separation1 question Legislative inquiry2 questions Legitimate Job Contracting2 questions Legitimation1 question Legitime and Free Portion1 question Letter of Authority1 question Lex Loci Rei Sitae1 question Liability of Partners1 question Life Insurance2 questions Local Autonomy1 question Local Business Tax1 question Local Government Code1 question Local Government Units2 questions Local Taxation1 question Loss of Citizenship1 question Mala in Se1 question Management Prerogative3 questions Management Prerogative to Transfer1 question Manufacturer's Liability1 question Mergers and Acquisitions1 question Minority1 question Mitigating Circumstances2 questions Moral and Exemplary Damages1 question Murder1 question National Internal Revenue Code1 question Neither Dismissal Nor Abandonment1 question New Code of Judicial Conduct1 question No Work No Pay Principle1 question Nominal Damages1 question Non-Chartered GOCCs1 question Non-Compete Clause1 question Non-Diminution of Benefits1 question Non-Establishment Clause1 question Non-Impairment Clause1 question Non-Resident Foreign Corporations1 question Notarial Practice1 question Notice of Lis Pendens1 question Novation of Obligations1 question Obstruction of Justice1 question Occupancy by Mere Tolerance1 question Omnibus Election Code1 question Oral Lease of Real Property1 question Order of Default1 question Order of Levy1 question Ordinance Publication1 question Ordinance Validity1 question Ordinary Estafa1 question Owner-Passenger Liability1 question POEA Standard Employment Contract1 question Parallel Importation1 question Partial Execution of Contracts1 question Partnership Law1 question Partnership Loss Distribution1 question Patent Infringement1 question Payment of Obligations1 question Penal Ordinances1 question People v. Cubay1 question Petition for Certiorari2 questions Petition for Habeas Corpus1 question Philippine Competition Act1 question Philippine Offshore Gaming Operators (POGO)1 question Plunder2 questions Plunder Cases1 question Police Power1 question Pre-Trial Conference1 question Pre-emptive Rights1 question Preliminary Assessment Notice1 question Preliminary Attachment1 question Prescription of Crimes1 question Presidential Appointments1 question Presidential Decree No. 16891 question Presidential Decree No. 18291 question Presidential Veto1 question Presumption of Death1 question Presumption of Regularity1 question Preventive Imprisonment1 question Preventive Suspension1 question Principle of Territoriality1 question Prior Restraint1 question Private Carriers1 question Probationary Employees Right to Self-Organization1 question Probationary Employment3 questions Processual Presumption1 question Prosecution De Officio1 question Provisional Remedies1 question Psychological Incapacity2 questions Psychological Violence1 question Public Attorney's Office1 question Public International Law1 question Public Officer1 question Public Performance1 question Public Service Act1 question Public Utilities1 question Qualified Carnapping1 question Qualified Theft2 questions Quasi-Delict1 question Quasi-Offenses1 question Quasi-Recidivism1 question R.A. 103611 question R.A. No. 92621 question RA 106301 question RA 113621 question RA 70801 question RA 76101 question RA 83531 question RA 92621 question RA 93441 question Rape as Public Crime1 question Real Actions1 question Real Party-in-Interest1 question Real Property Tax1 question Reasonable Necessity1 question Recidivism2 questions Reciprocal Obligations1 question Reckless Imprudence2 questions Reclassification of Employees1 question Recovery of Deficiency1 question Recto Law1 question Redundancy1 question Regional Wage Orders1 question Regular Employment1 question Reinstatement Pending Appeal1 question Reinstatement Without Backwages1 question Relative within Fourth Degree1 question Relativity of Contracts2 questions Replevin1 question Representative Parties1 question Republic Act No. 108831 question Republic Act No. 112101 question Republic Act No. 30191 question Repudiation of Inheritance1 question Res Inter Alios Acta1 question Restraint of Trade1 question Restrictive Immunity1 question Retirement Benefits1 question Retroactivity of curative statutes1 question Revised Corporation Code2 questions Right of Accretion1 question Right of Legal Redemption1 question Right of Representation1 question Right to Information1 question Right to Public Trial1 question Right to Self-Organization2 questions Right to Strike in Public Sector1 question Ripeness1 question Robbery1 question Robbery with Homicide1 question Rule Making Power1 question Rule of Proximity1 question Rules on Electronic Evidence2 questions Rules on Evidence1 question SPJI2 questions SPJI 2022-20271 question SPJI Strategic Plan1 question Safe Spaces Act (R.A. 11313)1 question Sale of Land1 question Search Incidental to Lawful Arrest1 question Search Warrant1 question Searching Questions1 question Secrecy of Bank Deposits Law1 question Securities and Exchange Commission1 question Self-Defense1 question Separate Juridical Personality1 question Separation Pay in Lieu of Reinstatement1 question Serious Dishonesty1 question Serious and Imminent Threat1 question Service Incentive Leave2 questions Situs of Taxation1 question Small Claims Cases1 question Solemnizing Officer Authority1 question Solidary Liability for Wages1 question Solidary Liability of Principal1 question Solidary Obligations1 question Sovereign Functions1 question Special Commercial Courts1 question Special Complex Crimes1 question Special Power of Attorney2 questions Specific Denial Under Oath1 question Splitting a Cause of Action1 question Standard of Diligence1 question Standards for Regularization1 question State Action Doctrine1 question State Insurance Fund1 question State Religion Neutrality1 question State Witness1 question State of Emergency1 question Statement of Assets Liabilities and Net Worth1 question Statute of Frauds1 question Stay Order1 question Stockholders Rights1 question Stockholders Voting Rights1 question Strategic Plan Judicial Innovations1 question Strategic Plan for Judicial Innovations1 question Substitution of Debtor1 question Suspension from Practice1 question Suspension of Prescription1 question Suspension of Tax Collection1 question Suspensive Term1 question Suspicious Transactions1 question Syndicated Estafa1 question Tan-Andal v. Andal1 question Tax Classification1 question Tax Refund Estoppel1 question Tax Refund Prescription1 question Tax Situs1 question Technologically Adaptive Management1 question Television Trial Coverage1 question Terceria1 question Termination of Employment1 question Termination of Probationary Employment1 question Territorial Jurisdiction2 questions Territoriality of Taxation1 question Theft1 question Things Falling from a Building1 question Three-Fold Rule1 question Three-term rule1 question Total and Permanent Disability Benefits1 question Trademark Infringement1 question Trademark Law1 question Trafficking in Persons1 question Transmission of Lease1 question Transmission of Successional Rights1 question Transportation Network Company (TNC)1 question Travel Agency Liability1 question Treachery1 question Treason1 question Treaty Ratification1 question Two-Dismissal Rule1 question Two-Witness Rule1 question Two-Year Prescriptive Period1 question Ultra Vires Acts1 question Unconscionable Interest Rates1 question Unenforceable Contracts1 question Unethical Advertising1 question Unfair Competition1 question Unfair Labor Practice2 questions Union Membership Eligibility1 question Union Security Clause2 questions Unlawful Detainer1 question Unreasonable Search and Seizure1 question Unrestricted Maternity Leave1 question Useful Improvements1 question Valenzuela v. People1 question Value-Added Tax1 question Value-Added Tax Exemption2 questions Verbal Humiliation1 question Verification of Pleading1 question Veto Power1 question Vicarious Liability of Employers1 question Void Contracts1 question Void Donations1 question Void Partnership Stipulations1 question Void Real Estate Mortgage1 question Voluntary Appearance1 question Voluntary Surrender1 question Voluntary Tax Payment1 question Voter disqualification1 question Wage Discrimination1 question Wage Distortion2 questions Warrant of Arrest1 question Warrantless Arrest1 question Willful Disobedience1 question Workers Paid by Results1 question Writ of Demolition1 question Writ of Mandamus1 question citizenship2 questions constitutional amendment1 question content-neutral regulations1 question continuity of service1 question customary international law1 question delegated police power1 question diplomatic remedies under UNCLOS1 question double criminality1 question due process2 questions election offenses2 questions executive discretion in foreign relations1 question executive privilege1 question executive ratification1 question extradition2 questions flag state responsibility1 question freedom of assembly1 question freedom of expression2 questions functional immunity of international organizations1 question governmental restraint1 question involuntary interruption of service1 question judicial confirmation of imperfect title1 question judicial independence1 question legislative contempt1 question levels of judicial scrutiny1 question local government1 question nature of a treaty1 question non-delegability of legislative power1 question official capacity1 question ordinance1 question organizational immunity vs. personal functional immunity1 question people's initiative1 question political party spending limits1 question power of appropriation1 question presumption of innocence2 questions prohibition against reappointment1 question promotional appointments in constitutional commissions1 question qualifications for members of HOR1 question question hour1 question regalian doctrine1 question right to privacy1 question rotational system in constitutional commissions1 question separation of powers4 questions state immunity2 questions substantive due process1 question terms of office1 question treaties vs. executive agreements1 question treaty obligations1 question treaty-making process2 questions

About these questions and answers
The questions reproduced here are the official texts of the Philippine Bar Examinations, published by the Supreme Court. They are reproduced for study purposes.The suggested answers are the author’s own.

They are not official answers, have no connection with the Supreme Court, the Office of the Bar Confidant, or any bar review institution, and are not endorsed by any of them. Official answer keys, where released, should be preferred over anything here.Nothing on this page is legal advice, and reading it creates no lawyer-client relationship. Do not rely on any suggested answer in an actual legal matter. Consult counsel on your own facts.

Suggested answers reflect the law and jurisprudence the author considers applicable as of the date shown. Where a question comes from an earlier examination, the suggested answer applies the law as it now stands, which may differ from the law in force when the question was given, and may therefore differ from what would have been the correct answer at that time. Where the difference is material, the answer notes it.

The practice scoring feature measures wording overlap with the suggested answer. It is not a grade, carries no official weight, and says nothing about whether your reasoning is sound.Errors are possible. If you find one, please tell me and I will correct it.

Last reviewed: October 2026