2026 Political Law, Question 4

The Senate Blue Ribbon Committee has called for legislative investigations and inquiries into various issues and charges of incompetence and corruption against some Executive Department officials. To ensure the observance of the principle of separation of powers, adherence to the rule on executive privilege, and respect for the rights of public officials appearing in legislative inquiries, the President issued Executive Order No. 111 (E.O. 111), which provides for rules and guidelines during question hour and inquiries in aid of legislation, the scope of executive privilege, and the list of executive officials covered by the executive privilege. E.O. 111 prohibits the executive officials named therein from appearing before Congressional investigations without prior approval of the President. The Senate, led by the Senate President, filed a petition before the Supreme Court to challenge the constitutionality of E.O. 111. Is E.O. 111 unconstitutional? Explain.

Quick check

Is E.O. 111 unconstitutional insofar as it prohibits executive officials from appearing before congressional investigations in aid of legislation without prior presidential approval?