2015 Labor Law, Q6

Ador is a student working on his master’s degree in horticulture. To make ends meet, he takes on jobs to come up with flower arrangements for friends. His neighbor, Nico, is about to get married to Lucia and needs a floral arranger. Ador offers his services and Nico agrees. They shake hands on it, agreeing that Nico will pay Ador P20,000.00 for his services but that Ador will take care of everything. As Ador sets about to decorate the venue, Nico changes all of Ador’s plans and ends up designing the arrangements himself with Ador simply executing Nico’s instructions.
(a) Is there an employer-employee relationship between Nico and Ador? (4%)
(b) Will Nico need to register Ador with the Social Security System (SSS)? (2%)

Quick check

Which element is considered the most critical benchmark in determining the existence of an employer-employee relationship under the four-fold test?

What is the legal effect when a client assumes direct control over the specific execution and design details of a contracted worker's task?

Why is an individual hired solely to decorate a personal wedding venue classified as a casual employee?

Under the Social Security Law, which type of employment is explicitly exempt from compulsory SSS coverage?

Choices available with full access.

Is Nico legally required to register Ador with the Social Security System for floral arrangement services rendered during Nico's wedding?

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Learn more about these topics

1. Control Test Doctrine
Under Philippine labor law, the four-fold test determines the existence of an employer-employee relationship, with the control test being the most crucial element. The control test checks whether the hiring party controls not only the result to be achieved but also the means and methods used to accomplish that result. When an employer dictates the specific instructions, design choices, and execution details of a worker's task, control is established, resulting in an employer-employee relationship regardless of the informal handshake agreement between the parties.

2. Casual Employment Status
Employment is classified as casual when the employee is engaged to perform work that is merely incidental to the employer's business and not vital or necessary to the employer's trade or enterprise. A single engagement to provide floral arrangement services for a personal event like a wedding is purely casual and temporary. Because such work is not rendered in the regular course of the employer's trade or business, the casual worker does not acquire regular employment status or security of tenure protections.

3. SSS Coverage Exclusions
Under Section 8(j) of Republic Act No. 11199, also known as the Social Security Law, compulsory coverage applies to employees not over sixty years of age and their employers. However, employment that is purely casual and not for the purpose of the employer's trade, business, or occupation is explicitly exempted from compulsory SSS registration. Consequently, an individual who hires a casual worker for a purely personal event is not legally mandated to register that worker with the Social Security System.

About these questions and answers
The questions reproduced here are the official texts of the Philippine Bar Examinations, published by the Supreme Court. They are reproduced for study purposes.The suggested answers are the author’s own.

They are not official answers, have no connection with the Supreme Court, the Office of the Bar Confidant, or any bar review institution, and are not endorsed by any of them. Official answer keys, where released, should be preferred over anything here.Nothing on this page is legal advice, and reading it creates no lawyer-client relationship. Do not rely on any suggested answer in an actual legal matter. Consult counsel on your own facts.Suggested answers reflect the law and jurisprudence the author considers applicable as of the date shown.

Where a question comes from an earlier examination, the suggested answer applies the law as it now stands, which may differ from the law in force when the question was given, and may therefore differ from what would have been the correct answer at that time. Where the difference is material, the answer notes it.The practice scoring feature measures wording overlap with the suggested answer. It is not a grade, carries no official weight, and says nothing about whether your reasoning is sound.Errors are possible. If you find one, please tell me and I will correct it.Last reviewed: October 2026