Who are the impeachable officers under the 1987 Constitution? Briefly explain the process of impeaching them thereunder. (5%)
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The impeachable officers under the Constitution are the President, Vice-President, Members of the Supreme Court, Members of Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman. Impeachment is initiated by the House and tried by the Senate. Under Article XI, Sections 2 and 3 of
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Quick check
Who among the following public officials is NOT an impeachable officer under Article XI of the 1987 Constitution?
The Secretary of National Defense is an appointive Cabinet member, not an impeachable officer enumerated under Article XI, Section 2 of the Constitution.
Which body exercises the exclusive constitutional power to initiate all impeachment cases under the 1987 Constitution?
Article XI, Section 3(1) of the Constitution explicitly grants the House of Representatives the exclusive power to initiate all impeachment cases.
What fraction of all Members of the House of Representatives is required to endorse a complaint to directly constitute the Articles of Impeachment?
Under Article XI, Section 3(4), if a verified complaint is filed by at least one-third of all House Members, it automatically constitutes the Articles of Impeachment.
What vote in the Senate is required to convict an impeachable officer in an impeachment trial?
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Who presides over the Senate when the President of the Philippines is on trial in an impeachment case?
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Learn more about these topics
1. Impeachable Public Officers
Under Article XI, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution, the impeachable officers of the Philippines are the President, the Vice-President, the Members of the Supreme Court, the Members of the Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman. These high-ranking constitutional officials may be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust. All other public officers and employees may be removed from office as provided by law, but not by impeachment.
2. House Initiation Role
Under Article XI, Section 3 of the 1987 Constitution, the House of Representatives has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment. A verified complaint for impeachment may be filed by any Member of the House or by any citizen upon resolution of endorsement by any Member. Alternatively, if the verified complaint or resolution of impeachment is filed by at least one-third of all Members of the House, the same shall constitute the Articles of Impeachment, and trial by the Senate shall forthwith proceed without need of committee hearings.
3. Senate Trial Role
Under Article XI, Section 3 of the 1987 Constitution, the Senate has the sole power to try and decide all cases of impeachment. When sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the Philippines is on trial, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside, but shall not vote. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification.