2022 Remedial Law, Q23

Identify five duties of a lawyer as stated in the Lawyer’s Oath. (5 points)

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What is a mandatory requirement for admission to the practice of law in the Philippines under the CPRA?

Which duty is expressly included among the commitments set forth in the Revised Lawyer's Oath?

As an officer of the court, what key duty does a lawyer owe to judicial tribunals under the Lawyer's Oath?

Under the Revised Lawyer's Oath, to which fundamental document must a lawyer declare fealty?

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What ethical framework incorporates the updated Revised Lawyer's Oath promulgated by the Supreme Court?

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1. Revised Lawyer's Oath
The Revised Lawyer's Oath, promulgated under the Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability (CPRA), serves as a solemn summary of a lawyer's fundamental ethical and professional commitments. Taking the oath is a indispensable requirement for admission to the Philippine Bar. It obligates lawyers to declare solemn fealty to the Constitution, promote the rule of law, and safeguard human rights and fundamental freedoms. The oath is not a mere ceremonial formality but a binding moral and legal covenant that governs every lawyer's professional conduct throughout their legal career.

2. Officer of Court
A lawyer is primarily an officer of the court pledged to assist in the administration of justice. The Lawyer's Oath expressly enjoins lawyers to do no falsehood, nor consent to the doing of any in court, and not to pervert the law to unjustly favor or prejudice anyone. This duty requires lawyers to maintain absolute candor, fairness, and honesty before judicial tribunals. A lawyer's fidelity to their client must always yield to their higher obligation to obey the law and uphold the integrity of the judicial system.

3. Access to Justice
Under the Revised Lawyer's Oath and the CPRA, lawyers are mandated to ensure greater and equitable access to justice for all persons. This duty reflects the social responsibility of the legal profession to serve the marginalized, underprivileged, and oppressed members of society. By actively promoting a regime of truth, justice, freedom, equality, and peace, lawyers fulfill their public function as guardians of legal rights and facilitate meaningful access to judicial remedies, ensuring that legal protection is not restricted solely to the wealthy.

About these questions and answers
The questions reproduced here are the official texts of the Philippine Bar Examinations, published by the Supreme Court. They are reproduced for study purposes.The suggested answers are the author’s own.

They are not official answers, have no connection with the Supreme Court, the Office of the Bar Confidant, or any bar review institution, and are not endorsed by any of them. Official answer keys, where released, should be preferred over anything here.Nothing on this page is legal advice, and reading it creates no lawyer-client relationship. Do not rely on any suggested answer in an actual legal matter. Consult counsel on your own facts.Suggested answers reflect the law and jurisprudence the author considers applicable as of the date shown.

Where a question comes from an earlier examination, the suggested answer applies the law as it now stands, which may differ from the law in force when the question was given, and may therefore differ from what would have been the correct answer at that time. Where the difference is material, the answer notes it.The practice scoring feature measures wording overlap with the suggested answer. It is not a grade, carries no official weight, and says nothing about whether your reasoning is sound.Errors are possible. If you find one, please tell me and I will correct it.Last reviewed: October 2026